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What do twin and adoption studies suggest about the effects of heredity and environment on IQ scores?
To separate out the effects of heredity (from genes) and the environment, you need to be able to hold one constant, so you can attribute the differences to only one variable.
Because identical twins have identical genes, then any difference between their IQ must be due to differences in their environment.
Also, because identical twins are more closely genetically related that regular siblings, characteristics determined by genetics should be more highly correlated in identical twins than other siblings.
As an example of adoption studies, you can take children born to poverty level families who have been adopted into middle-class families and see if their IQs are better predicted by those of their birth parents or their adoptive parents. Adoption studies are a way of separating genes from the environment.
There are lots of other ways in which twins, siblings and adopted children and their families can be studied to gain insight into the interaction of heredity and enviroment, and what role each plays in the development of IQ.
Twins Separated at Brith